New scientific research has revealed concerning links between all cannabis compounds—including CBD, which is often considered the “safer” option—and cellular changes that may increase cancer risk. This research, published in 2024 in Addiction Biology, challenges some common assumptions about cannabis safety. The findings suggest that the potential for cellular damage isn’t limited to THC, the compound that causes a “high.” Instead, the risk appears linked to the basic molecular structure (called the olivetol nucleus) shared by all cannabinoids, including CBD (cannabidiol), THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), CBG (cannabigerol), and CBN (cannabinol).
The research identifies several ways cannabinoids might influence cancer development. They can disrupt mitochondria (cellular power plants) and damage genetic material, speed up cellular aging by 30% by age 30, cause chromosomal breakage and genetic disruption, and create changes that may persist across generations. Recent large-scale studies across Europe and North America have found increased rates of several cancers in areas with higher cannabis use, including testicular cancer (2.6 times higher risk), breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, thyroid cancer, some childhood cancers, and head and neck cancers.
The research is particularly relevant today because modern cannabis products are much more potent than in past decades. THC concentrations can reach 25-30% in commercial cannabis, and some concentrated products reach 100% THC. CBD products are widely available and often marketed as completely safe. Several aspects of the research are especially worrying. Cancer cases in cannabis users often appear decades earlier than typical, the cancers tend to be more aggressive at diagnosis, effects can be passed to future generations, and even CBD-only products may carry risks due to their basic molecular structure.
For those using or considering cannabis products, these findings have important implications. CBD users should reassess the common belief that CBD is completely safe. Medical users should carefully weigh benefits and risks with healthcare providers. Recreational users should be aware that all cannabis compounds, not just THC, may carry risks. Parents and future parents should consider potential generational impacts.
Scientists are calling for updated studies reflecting modern, higher-potency products, more research on CBD-specific effects, long-term population studies, and investigation of protective factors. While this research doesn’t suggest everyone using cannabis products will develop cancer, it raises important questions about the safety of all cannabinoids, including CBD. The findings suggest a need for greater caution in using any cannabis-derived products, regardless of whether they cause intoxication. As always, medical decisions should be made in consultation with healthcare providers who can evaluate individual circumstances and risks.
